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Not so much for freezers as that technology is virtually the same but fridges will have an issue more on the newer units as they use digital thermostats. The thermostat will shut when too cold. So the fridge will lose temp, and if too hot, like any appliance with a compressor, it will work harder to maintain a constant temp. This excessive use will cause them to fail and not last as long. There are a few fridges on the market designed for garage applications, such as the Whirlpool Gladiator series. GE makes a garage-ready fridge. Frigidaire sells a heater kit for the thermostat. When installed in select units, it will keep it running in extreme cold. Too cold or too hot is never great for an appliance as they really are designed to be used in temp-controlled environments.
https://www.gladiatorgarageworks.com/products/17-8-cu-ft-all-refrigerator